Use of contraceptive among undergraduate students of Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

Sexuality and contraception among students to be a public health problem immediate concern in developed and undeveloped countries. While the knowledge of HIV/AIDs as an inevitable disease is high among Nigerians in general, Hiv/Aids transmission in reduction measures is inconsistently taken by sexually active individual. The youths and adolescents are those that have high risk of being affected with STDs, if contraceptives are not used correctly or avoided, because the youths are vulnerable to indiscriminate sexual intercourse, with multiple sex partners.

            Heterosexual transmission accounts for as high as 90% of HIV/AIDs in sub-saharan African were about 14 million people were estimated to be infected with HIV. The federal ministry of Health and Human Services (FMH & HS 1992) in Nigeria Suggested that about one million HIV infected people exists. This prevalence is increasing due to high risk of sexual behaviours. These STDs diseases are mostly common among individuals younger than 25years world wide. Several educators have shown that young people lack knowledge about prevention and the use of contraception and often have little or no idea about reproduction. Pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease among students is very rampant among undergraduates. Most of these pregnancies are unplanned and unwanted. They are often terminated illegally by quack doctors in the dark. About 600,000 clandestine abortions took place in Nigeria in the 1980s some of which had disaster consequences for the abortion seekers (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2002).

In most parts of Nigeria, sexual abstinence before marriage is expected from unmarried youths. However, studies show that prenatal activity is high among adolescents.   Parents, governments and NGOS have expressed serious concerns about adolescents. Sexual activity based on the board information that adolescent who engaged in sexual activity whether orally or otherwise often fail to use contraceptives thus, exposing themselves to the risk of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections and diseases.       

The lower age limit for admission into most Nigeria higher institutions is 16-18 years. This means that majority of undergraduates are in their teens and early twenties. Most of them live away from home, in school hostels and rented apartments close to their institutions. These arrangements weaken parental control and supervision of student’s activities. They are often exposed to influences from friends, which encourage casual sexual relationship and have to take personal important decisions about their social and reproductive lives. Unfortunately, the use of contraceptives among Nigeria students is very low due to the fear of side effects and negative cultural attitudes of parent’s guardians to contraceptive use.

            Other factors responsible for sexuality among undergraduates are that sex education is not part of secondary school curriculum in Nigeria and there are not obvious policies in most Nigeria higher institutions on the provision of reproductive health services, including contraceptives to the students. This study is carried out to determine the contraceptive practices among undergraduate students as related to their awareness of HIV infection. 

1.2 Statement of the Problems

        This research work is concerned about the use of contraceptive among undergraduate students of Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State.

1.3 Purpose of the Study

            The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of contraceptive among students. It will educate the students on the use of contraceptive to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among students and to enlighten young undergraduates and the public in general on the importance and uses of contraceptive. It will also determine to some extent the usage of contraceptive among students.

1.4 Significance of the Study

            This study seeks to identify the roles of parents in the sexual and contraceptive behaviour of their children and to weaken the interest of parents in giving their children sex education at home. It will in no doubt, promote further research for predicting contraceptive behaviour which will assist in the development and implementation of effective, preventive and intervention programmes especially issues concerning sexually transmitted disease. This will go along way to make profound or useful contribution to medical issues like family planning, rate of contractions of STDs, STIs and effectiveness of contraceptives and it will also be useful to sexuality experts involved in the development and promotion of safe sex pregnancies. It will also help to identity students who either use or misuse contraceptive method, thereby putting them at risk of unwanted pregnancy, AIDs and other sexually transmitted disease. It will also be of importance in educating the undergraduate on the choice of contraceptive methods. Conclusively, it is envisaged that this study will contribute meaningfully to the ongoing debate on the strategies for educating students on sexuality and contraception.

1.5 Research Question

1)         Will knowledge of sex education significantly promote abstinence from sex among undergraduate of Tai-Solarin University of Education?

2)         Will contraceptive usage significantly promote promiscuity among undergraduates of Tai Solarin University of Education?

3)         Is the use of contraceptives significantly practiced among undergraduates of Tai-Solarin University of Education?

4)         Will peer pressure significantly influence the use of contraception among Tai-Solarin University of Education?

1.6 Hypothesis

1)         Knowledge of sex education will not significantly promote abstinence from sex among Tai-Solarin University of Education?

2)         Contraceptive usage will significantly promote promiscuity among undergraduate among Tai-Solarin University of Education?

3) Use of contraceptive will not significantly practiced among Tai-Solarin University of Education?

4)         Peer pressure will not significantly influence the use of contraceptive among Tai-Solarin University of Education?

1.7 Delimitation of the Study

            This study shall focus on contraceptive among undergraduate and will review the plight of the use of contraceptive among students in Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State. This finding may not serve as a good generalization for the whole state or country but however, due to some similarities on the ways of the young undergraduates, the results in the findings can serve as a guide to what the situation could be in the country at     large.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Sexuality: This is the feeling and activities connected with people’s sexual desire.

Contraception: This is the practice of or methods use in deliberate preventing a woman becoming pregnant as a result of having sex.

Contraceptives:- Is a device or drug used to prevent a woman becoming pregnant.

Undergraduates:- A university or college students who has not yet taken her or his first degree.

Abortion:- The act of causing a pregnancy to end early. In order to prevent the baby from developing and being born alive.

Promiscuity:- The practice of working as a prostitute

 Homosexuality:- Sexually attracted only to people of the same sex as oneself

Family Planning:- This is the process whereby parent or couples have their children by choice and not by chance.

Abstinence: The practice of abstaining from sex

Reproduction:_ The action or process of reproducing or the process  of giving birth to young ones.

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